Which system is typically used for making deductions based on rules in a knowledge base?

An expert system is specifically designed to solve complex problems by emulating human expertise in a particular domain. It operates using a knowledge base filled with rules and facts pertaining to that area of expertise. When a query is presented to the expert system, it applies logical reasoning and inference rules to deduce conclusions from the data available in the knowledge base.

This reasoning ability is central to its function, allowing it to draw valid conclusions and make informed decisions based on a set of predefined rules. The other options—simulation systems, neural networks, and decision support systems—each serve different purposes. Simulation systems are typically focused on modeling real-world processes, neural networks deal with recognizing patterns and learning from data, and decision support systems help in analyzing data to assist with decision-making but do not primarily rely on explicit rules like an expert system does.