Which programming language style focuses on the problem rather than the hardware?

The choice that focuses on the problem rather than the hardware is categorized as problem-oriented programming. This programming style emphasizes what needs to be accomplished instead of how it should be executed on a specific piece of hardware.

In problem-oriented programming, the programmer describes the desired results and the logic of the problem, allowing the system to handle the implementation details. This is particularly beneficial because it allows for easier problem-solving and program maintenance, as the focus remains on the tasks or outcomes rather than the intricacies of machine architecture or low-level language features.

Object-oriented programming, while also emphasizing high-level structures (like objects and classes), is still more concerned with the design patterns and reuse of code instead of a direct approach to solving the given problem. Declarative programming expresses the logic of a computation without describing its control flow, but it’s often seen as a subset of problem-oriented approaches and may still involve some hardware considerations depending on the context. Procedural programming focuses on a sequence of instructions or procedures to solve a problem but is closely tied to the underlying hardware execution, making it less aligned with the problem-oriented philosophy.