What type of software allows someone else to access data on a user's machine or take control of it, commonly known from Greek mythology?

The correct choice refers to a type of malicious software known as a Trojan, named after the famous story of the Trojan Horse from Greek mythology. In this tale, the Greeks used a deceptive wooden horse to gain entry into the city of Troy, enabling them to conquer it from within. Similarly, Trojan software operates under the guise of a legitimate program but is designed to deceive users.

When a user unknowingly downloads and installs a Trojan, it can provide unauthorized access to their system, allowing attackers to steal data or take control of the machine. This kind of software typically does not replicate itself like viruses or worms; instead, it relies on social engineering to trick users into executing it.

Understanding the characteristics of a Trojan is crucial, as it underscores the importance of being cautious about the programs one chooses to run on their computer, particularly those that come from untrusted sources or unsolicited links. This clarity distinguishes Trojans from other types of malware, which have different behaviors and methods of attack.