What type of error occurs when the code is grammatically incorrect and cannot be translated into machine code?

A syntax error occurs when the code violates the grammatical rules of the programming language, making it impossible for the compiler or interpreter to understand it. These errors usually arise from typos, incorrect punctuation, or the use of incorrect keywords. Since the code cannot be translated into machine code due to these grammatical mistakes, the compilation process will fail, resulting in an error message indicating the location and nature of the problem.

In contrast, a runtime error occurs during the execution of a program after successful compilation, indicating issues that arise while the program is running, such as attempting to divide by zero or accessing an out-of-bounds array element. A logic error refers to flaws in the program's design that lead to incorrect results, despite the code running without crashing or producing errors. Compilation errors also suggest there are issues that prevent successful compilation, but they are more general and can include issues that may stem from syntax errors. The distinction here is that a syntax error specifically denotes problems in the structure of the code.