What term refers to a structured collection of information that can be efficiently searched or sorted?

A database is defined as a structured collection of information that facilitates efficient searching and sorting. It organizes data into tables, which allow for clear relationships between different pieces of information and enable complex queries and data retrieval using structured query languages (SQL). This structure not only helps in maintaining data integrity but also optimizes the performance of data retrieval, offering capabilities for efficient searching through indexing.

In contrast, a spreadsheet is more of a tool for calculation and data analysis, and while it can store data, it's not inherently designed for complex searches or to handle very large datasets in an efficient manner. A file system refers to the way data is stored on a disk drive and doesn’t provide the same functionalities for managing data relationships or intricate querying methods. A data warehouse, while it does involve structured data, typically serves a specific purpose of analytics and reporting rather than functioning primarily as an efficient searchable collection of everyday transactional data like a traditional database does. Therefore, a database stands out as the most appropriate term referring to an organized and efficient means of handling information.