What is modular design in programming?

Modular design in programming refers to the practice of organizing a program into smaller, manageable modules or components. This approach allows developers to break down complex systems into distinct sections that can each be developed, tested, and maintained independently. Each module typically encapsulates a specific functionality or set of related functions, making it easier to understand and manage the overall codebase.

This modular structure promotes code reusability, as modules can often be used across different parts of a program or in different projects altogether. Additionally, modular design enhances collaboration among programmers, as multiple developers can work on separate modules simultaneously without interfering with each other's work. The clear separation of concerns also aids in debugging and maintaining code, as changes to one module generally have minimal impact on others.

This approach stands in contrast to methods that may focus on aspects such as debugging or speed, which do not inherently relate to the concept of organizing code into manageable components. Overall, modular design is a foundational principle in software engineering, leading to cleaner, more maintainable, and scalable software solutions.