In the context of a computer virus, what does self-replication refer to?

Self-replication in the context of a computer virus specifically refers to the capability of the virus to copy itself. This characteristic is fundamental to how viruses proliferate; once a virus successfully compromises a system, it can create duplicates of itself that can then infect other files, programs, or systems. This allows the virus to spread beyond its original host and is what makes it particularly harmful.

While the ability to spread via email, infecting files with additional malware, and altering system files are actions that can result from a virus being present on a system, they are not what defines self-replication. Instead, self-replication is the mechanism by which the virus multiplies itself, ensuring its survival and increasing its reach, which is the cornerstone of its functionality and the reason it can lead to widespread damage and disruption.