How do messages function in object-oriented programming?

In object-oriented programming, messages serve as a fundamental mechanism for communication between objects. This method of interaction allows one object to invoke the behavior of another by sending a message, typically in the form of a method call. By doing this, objects can cooperate to perform complex tasks while encapsulating their own state and behavior, maintaining high cohesion and low coupling.

This communication model emphasizes the dynamic relationships between instances of different classes (objects) and promotes a clear and modular structure in software design. By sending and receiving messages, objects can access each other's data and functionality without needing to be tightly integrated, which enhances flexibility and reusability in code.

Other options don't align with the concept of messages in object-oriented programming. Storing data is typically the role of properties or attributes within an object, while embedding messages within classes does not accurately represent their function. Data encryption is also unrelated to the concept of messages, as it pertains more to securing data rather than how objects communicate.