Define sampling frequency in terms of sound samples.

Sampling frequency refers to the number of times a sound wave is sampled per second, which is typically measured in hertz (Hz). In the context of digital audio, this concept is crucial because it determines how accurately the original sound can be reproduced. A higher sampling frequency means more samples are taken each second, leading to a more precise representation of the sound wave, which can result in better audio quality.

For instance, a sampling frequency of 44.1 kHz means that 44,100 samples of sound are recorded each second. This is standard for CD audio and ensures a good balance between audio quality and file size. Thus, the correct choice highlights the foundational principle of audio sampling necessary for converting analog sound into digital format. Understanding sampling frequency is essential for anyone involved in audio production, as it directly impacts the fidelity and clarity of the sound.